# Python Porgram

Q1. Write a program of Volume of Sphere by entered by User

Ans 1.

```python
r = float(input("Enter radius: "))
vol = (4/3) 3.141 r**3
print("Volume of sphere =", vol)
```

Q2.Write a program that prints a warning message if the weight of a customer's luggage exceeds the allowed limit of 25.

Ans2.

```python
weight = float(input("Enter luggage weight in kg: "))
if weight > 25:
    print("Warning! Luggage exceeds the allowed limit of 25 kg.")
else:
    print("Luggage weight is within the allowed limit.")
```

Q3. Let us say a teacher decided to give grades to her students as follows: a. marks greater than or equal to 80 : Excellent b. marks greater than or equal to 65 but less than 80 : Good c. marks greater than or equal to 50 but less than 65: Pass d. Mark less than 50 : Fail.

Ans3.

```python
marks = int(input("Enter marks: "))

if marks >= 80:
    print("Excellent")
elif marks >= 65:
    print("Good")
elif marks >= 50:
    print("Pass")
else:
    print("Fail")
```

Q4. Write an program in python to print even number in range 0 to 9 ( last number not less not than 10 ). Using while Construct.

Ans 4.

```python
i = 0
while i < 10:
    print(i)
    i += 2
```

Q 5. Write a program in Python to print the square number in the list using a for loop construct.

Ans 5.

```python
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

for n in numbers:
    print(n * n)
```

Q 6. Write an Program in Python that will print numbers from 1 to 10 only if the number is odd. When the number is even, it goes to the next iteration . When N become 7 it will finish the current while statement and run the next statement which is print \* 'all numbers printed' )

Ans 6.

```python
n = 0
while n < 10:
    n += 1

    if n % 2 == 0:
        continue

    print(n)

    if n == 7:
        break

print("All numbers printed")
```

Ques 7. Write an program in Python to perform the Simple slicing on the list

\['a', 'b', 'c' , 'd' ,'e', 'f' , 'g' ,'h', 'i' , 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm' , 'n'\], and extract the character from element at index 3 to element at 7 (i.e uppper index-1). Remember that indexing start with 0.

Ans 7.

```python
letters = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n']

print(letters[3:7])
```

Q8. write an program in python to swap two numbers without using Intermediate /Temporary Variable . Prompt the user for Input.

Ans8.

```python
a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))

a, b = b, a

print("After swapping:")
print("a =", a)
print("b =", b)
```

Q9. Write a program in Python that Accepts a Sentence and Calculate the Number of Digits, Uppercase and Lowecase Letters.

Ans 9.

```python
s = input("Enter a sentence: ")

digits = uppercase = lowercase = 0

for ch in s:
    if ch.isdigit():
        digits += 1
    elif ch.isupper():
        uppercase += 1
    elif ch.islower():
        lowercase += 1

print("Digits:", digits)
print("Uppercase letters:", uppercase)
print("Lowercase letters:", lowercase)
```

Q 10. Write an Program in Python to check if a given year is a Leap Year.

Ans 10.

```python
year = int(input("Enter a year: "))

if year % 400 == 0 or (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0):
    print("Leap Year")
else:
    print("Not a Leap Year")
```

Q 11. Write a program to Find:

a. The Transpose of a Matrix

b. Product of two Matrix

c. Sum of two Matrix

Ans 11.

```python
A = [[1, 2],
     [3, 4]]

B = [[5, 6],
     [7, 8]]

C = [[0, 0], [0, 0]]

for i in range(2):
    for j in range(2):
        C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j]

print(C)
```

Q 12. Write a program in python to display the Fibonacci Sequences up to nth term where n is provided by the user.

Ans 12.

```python
n = int(input("Enter the number of terms: "))

a, b = 0, 1

for i in range(n):
    print(a, end=" ")
    a, b = b, a + b
```

Q 13. Write an Function in Python to Find the Factorial of a Number (n) , where n is provided by the user.

Ans 13.

```python
def factorial(n):
    fact = 1
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        fact *= i
    return fact

n = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("Factorial =", factorial(n))
```

Q 14. Write a function in Python to calculate the sum, difference, and product of the two numbers passed as arguments to the function.

Ans 14.

```python
def calculate(a, b):
    print("Sum =", a + b)
    print("Difference =", a - b)
    print("Product =", a * b)

x = int(input("Enter first number: "))
y = int(input("Enter second number: "))

calculate(x, y)
```

Q 15. Write a function in Python which will accept a number within the range of 1 and 20, and find whether it is a prime Number or not, if it is a prime number, function should return True and if not False.

Ans 15.

```python
def is_prime(n):
    if n < 2 or n > 20:
        return False

    for i in range(2, n):
        if n % i == 0:
            return False

    return True

n = int(input("Enter a number (1-20): "))
print(is_prime(n))
```

Q 16. Write Lambda function and Normal function in Python to get the average of two numbers.

Ans 16.

1\. Normal Function

```python
def average(a, b):
    return (a + b) / 2

print(average(10, 20))
```

2\. Lambda Function

```python
average = lambda a, b: (a + b) / 2

print(average(10, 20))
```

Q 17. Write a Python program to sort a list of Tuples using Lambda.

Ans 17.

```python
tuples = [(1, 5), (3, 2), (2, 8), (4, 1)]

tuples.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])

print(tuples)
```

Q 18. Write a program in Python to perform Following file Operations.

a. Display File Content

b. Create file and add Contents to it.

c. Read, write and Append using with statement

d. to Copy a file from ' original.txt ' to ' Duplicate.txt '

e. to delete a file.

Ans 18.

a. Display File Content

```python
f = open("original.txt", "r")
print(f.read())
f.close()
```

b. Create a File and Add Contents

```python
f = open("original.txt", "w")
f.write("Hello, this is my file.")
f.close()
```

## c. Read, Write and Append Using `with` Statement

Read a file:

```python
with open("original.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.read())
```

Write to a file:

```python
with open("original.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write("Welcome to Python.")
```

Append to a file:

```python
with open("original.txt", "a") as f:
    f.write("\nThis is appended text.")
```

d. Copy `original.txt` to `Duplicate.txt`

```python
with open("original.txt", "r") as f:
    data = f.read()

with open("Duplicate.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write(data)
```

e. Delete a File

```python
import os

if os.path.exists("original.txt"):
    os.remove("original.txt")
    print("File deleted successfully.")
else:
    print("File does not exist.")
```

Remember:

| Mode | Meaning |
| --- | --- |
| `"r"` | Read |
| `"w"` | Write (creates or overwrites a file) |
| `"a"` | Append (adds content at the end) |
| `with` | Automatically closes the file |
| `os.remove()` | Deletes a file |

Q 19. Develop a module named [calculator.py](http://calculator.py) in Python, which contain three function -- factorial(n): to find factorial of a number, Fibonacci(n): to find Fibonacci series up to givennumber, n. Perform following Tasks:

a. Import the developed module

b. call the functions available in the module

i. to generate Fibonnaci series upto a number , and

ii. to determine factorial of a number entered by user

Ans 19.

Create a module named [`calculator.py`](http://calculator.py)

```python
# calculator.py

def factorial(n):
    fact = 1
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        fact *= i
    return fact

def Fibonacci(n):
    a, b = 0, 1
    while a <= n:
        print(a, end=" ")
        a, b = b, a + b
    print()
```

2\. Import the module and call its functions

```python
# main.py

import calculator

n = int(input("Enter a number for Fibonacci series: "))
calculator.Fibonacci(n)

n = int(input("Enter a number for factorial: "))
print("Factorial =", calculator.factorial(n))
```

Q 20. Create a package in Python name Interest and within this package create two modules [simple.py](http://simple.py) and [compund.py](http://compund.py). The [simple.py](http://simple.py) module contains function Simple_Interest() and [Compound.py](http://Compound.py) module contains function Compound_Interest().

Ans 20.

1\. Create the following package structure

```plaintext
Interest/
    __init__.py
    simple.py
    compound.py
main.py
```

2\. [`simple.py`](http://simple.py) — Simple Interest

```python
def Simple_Interest(p, r, t):
    return (p * r * t) / 100
```

3\. [`compound.py`](http://compound.py) — Compound Interest

```python
def Compound_Interest(p, r, t):
    return p * (1 + r / 100) ** t - p
```

4. **init**.py Create an empty file named **init**.py inside the Interest folder.

[main.py](http://main.py) — Import and Call Functions

```python
from Interest.simple import Simple_Interest
from Interest.compound import Compound_Interest

p = float(input("Enter Principal: "))
r = float(input("Enter Rate of Interest: "))
t = float(input("Enter Time in years: "))

print("Simple Interest =", Simple_Interest(p, r, t))
print("Compound Interest =", Compound_Interest(p, r, t))
```

Q 21. Write Python class to :

a. To convert an Integer to a roman numeral

b. To convert a roman numeral to an integer.

Ans 21.

```python
class Roman:
    def int_to_roman(self, num):
        values = [
            (1000, "M"), (900, "CM"), (500, "D"),
            (400, "CD"), (100, "C"), (90, "XC"),
            (50, "L"), (40, "XL"), (10, "X"),
            (9, "IX"), (5, "V"), (4, "IV"), (1, "I")
        ]

        result = ""
        for value, symbol in values:
            while num >= value:
                result += symbol
                num -= value
        return result

    def roman_to_int(self, s):
        values = {
            "I": 1, "V": 5, "X": 10, "L": 50,
            "C": 100, "D": 500, "M": 1000
        }

        total = 0
        for i in range(len(s)):
            if i + 1 < len(s) and values[s[i]] < values[s[i + 1]]:
                total -= values[s[i]]
            else:
                total += values[s[i]]
        return total


r = Roman()

n = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
print("Roman numeral:", r.int_to_roman(n))

s = input("Enter a Roman numeral: ").upper()
print("Integer:", r.roman_to_int(s))
```

Q 22 .Write a python class which has two methods get_String and print_String. get_String accepta string from the user and print_String print the string in upper case.

Ans 22.

```python
class String:
    def get_String(self):
        self.s = input("Enter a string: ")

    def print_String(self):
        print(self.s.upper())

obj = String()
obj.get_String()
obj.print_String()
```

Q 23. Write a Python class named Circle constructed by a radius and two methods which will compute the area and the perimeter of a circle.

Ans 23.

```python
import math

class Circle:
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    def area(self):
        return math.pi * self.radius ** 2

    def perimeter(self):
        return 2 * math.pi * self.radius

r = float(input("Enter radius: "))
c = Circle(r)

print("Area =", c.area())
print("Perimeter =", c.perimeter())
```

Q 24. Write a python code to read a dataset (may be CSV file) and print all feature i.e. columns of the dataset. Determine the descriptive statistics i.e. Maximum, Minimum ,Mean, Median,Count,Variance,Standard,Deviation etc. of the numeric features like age,salary etc., may be present in the dataset.

Ans 24.

Install Libraries

```python
pip install pandas
```

Example CSV file (`data.csv`)

```plaintext
Name,Age,Salary
Amit,25,30000
Ravi,30,40000
Neha,28,35000
```

```python
import pandas as pd

# Read CSV file
df = pd.read_csv("data.csv")

# Display all features (columns)
print("Features (Columns):")
print(df.columns.tolist())

# Descriptive statistics of numeric features
print("\nDescriptive Statistics:")
print(df.describe())

# Display individual statistics
numeric = df.select_dtypes(include="number")

print("\nMaximum:\n", numeric.max())
print("\nMinimum:\n", numeric.min())
print("\nMean:\n", numeric.mean())
print("\nMedian:\n", numeric.median())
print("\nCount:\n", numeric.count())
print("\nVariance:\n", numeric.var())
print("\nStandard Deviation:\n", numeric.std())
```

Q 25. Write a Python program to read a given CSV file

a. Having tab Delimiter

b. As a Dictionary

c. print the content of the columns.

Ans 25.

Example file (`data.csv`):

```plaintext
Name    Age    City
Amit    25     Delhi
Ravi    30     Mumbai
```

a. Read a CSV file having a Tab Delimiter

```python
import csv

with open("data.csv", "r") as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f, delimiter='\t')
    for row in reader:
        print(row)
```

b. Read a CSV file as a Dictionary

```python
import csv

with open("data.csv", "r") as f:
    reader = csv.DictReader(f, delimiter='\t')
    for row in reader:
        print(row)
```

c. Print the Content of the Columns

```python
import csv

with open("data.csv", "r") as f:
    reader = csv.DictReader(f, delimiter='\t')

    for row in reader:
        for column, value in row.items():
            print(column, ":", value)
```

Q 26. Write a Python program to write a Python Dictionary to a CSV File. After Writing the CSV File and Display the Content.

Ans 26.

```python
import csv

data = [
    {"Name": "Amit", "Age": 25, "City": "Delhi"},
    {"Name": "Ravi", "Age": 30, "City": "Mumbai"}
]

# Write dictionary data to CSV file
with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as f:
    writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=["Name", "Age", "City"])
    writer.writeheader()
    writer.writerows(data)

# Display CSV file content
with open("data.csv", "r") as f:
    print(f.read())
```

Q 27. Write a Python Program to write a Python list of lists to a CSV File. After writing the CSV File read the CSV File and Display the Content.

Ans 27.

```python
import csv

data = [
    ["Name", "Age", "City"],
    ["Tarun", 23, "Haldwani"],
    ["Sushma Bisht", 40, "Dehradun"],
    ["Neha", 28, "Pune"]
]

# Write list of lists to CSV file
with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as f:
    writer = csv.writer(f)
    writer.writerows(data)

# Read and display CSV file content
with open("data.csv", "r") as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f)
    for row in reader:
        print(row)
```

Q 28.

Ans 28.